What are the symptoms of metabolic issues in older horses?

🐴 Symptoms of Metabolic Issues in Older Horses

As horses age, they become more susceptible to metabolic issues, which can significantly impact their health and quality of life. Recognizing the symptoms early can help you manage these conditions effectively. Here’s a guide to the common symptoms of metabolic issues in older horses.

🍬 Excessive Thirst and Urination

One of the primary signs of metabolic issues is excessive thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria). If you notice your horse drinking and urinating more than usual, it could be a sign of conditions like Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) or Cushing’s disease.

⚖️ Weight Gain or Loss

Unexplained weight changes are a red flag. Metabolic issues can cause:

  • Weight gain: Particularly around the neck, shoulders, and tailhead. Horses with EMS often develop a cresty neck and fatty deposits.
  • Weight loss: Despite a good appetite, some horses, especially those with Cushing’s disease, may lose weight and muscle mass.

🧴 Poor Coat Condition

Metabolic issues can lead to changes in your horse’s coat:

  • Long, curly coat: Also known as hirsutism, this is a classic symptom of Cushing’s disease. The coat may not shed properly, leading to a shaggy appearance.
  • Dull, brittle coat: A lack of natural oils and poor nutrition can make the coat appear lackluster.

🦶 Laminitis

Laminitis, an inflammation of the laminae in the hooves, is a severe symptom of metabolic issues. Horses with EMS are particularly prone to recurrent laminitis, which can cause lameness, heat in the hooves, and an altered gait.

💤 Lethargy and Reduced Stamina

If your horse seems unusually tired, lacks energy, or has reduced stamina, it could be due to metabolic problems. This lethargy can be accompanied by a general decrease in performance and reluctance to exercise.

🦷 Muscle Wasting

Muscle wasting, especially along the topline, can occur in horses with Cushing’s disease. You might notice a loss of muscle mass despite regular exercise and adequate nutrition.

🌡️ Recurrent Infections

Metabolic issues can weaken the immune system, making older horses more susceptible to infections. Look out for frequent respiratory infections, skin infections, or slow-healing wounds.

🔄 Behavioral Changes

Changes in behavior can also indicate metabolic problems. These may include increased irritability, depression, or unusual aggression. Behavioral changes are often subtle but noticeable to those familiar with the horse’s normal demeanor.

👀 Eye Abnormalities

In some cases, horses with metabolic issues may develop abnormal fat deposits around their eyes. Additionally, you might observe changes in vision or increased tear production.

🩺 Diagnostic Testing

If you suspect your horse has metabolic issues, consult your veterinarian. Diagnostic tests, such as blood tests to check insulin levels, ACTH levels, and glucose tolerance tests, can confirm the diagnosis and help in managing the condition.